气弹簧

氮气弹簧是一种具有弹性功能的部件，它将高压氮气密封在确定的容器内，外力通过柱杆将氮气压缩，当外力去除时，靠高压氮气膨胀，来获得一定的弹压力，这种部件称为氮气缸或称气弹簧，或称氮气缸弹压装置，简称氮气弹簧。目前常规弹性元件是弹簧、橡皮和气垫，这些弹性元件在工业领域中得到了广泛的应用，解决了各种弹性储能的需要，发挥着其应有的作用。
在模具工业中，一直大量使用着弹性元件。这些年来，模具技术和模具制造水平有了很大的发展和提高，工业产品对模具的需求量越来越大，模具朝着精密、复杂、高效、长寿命的方向迅速发展，而原有的常规弹性元件存在着一定的缺点，不能满足这种形势的需要，不能理想地解决冲压工艺的要求，往往影响冲压件质量，使模具结构设计变得比较复杂，影响模具在压力机上更换的时间；同时常规弹性元件占有的模具空间太大，增大了模具制造的成本。例如弹簧、橡皮均存在着需要预紧，才能达到设计所需求的弹压力，而它们的弹压力又是随行程加大而明显地增大，这种弹压力不恒定的性能，可能导致零件不能成形，对拉延压边是很不理想的。对于复杂的拉延成形零件，这个矛盾显得特别突出，有时只好采用增加工序的办法来解决这类问题。再如弹簧、橡皮的起始力都不大，这一点对要求起始力比较大的弯曲、翻边等工艺，也不理想。由此产生的结果是，冲压制件的质量不稳定，调整模具费时费力。对于密集型冲头的冲裁工艺，如采用弹簧或橡皮卸料，往往会遇到模具的卸料空间不够安放弹簧或橡皮，因而需要加大模具空间来解决这类问题。当前冲压设计人员只能采用气垫来部分弥补这些不足。但是采用压力机气垫时，模具的设计、调整、使用都不很方便；由于气压的波动和管道节流损失，气垫所提供的力量也不是很准确；它所占有的空间比较大；需要配备专用的压缩空气站，况且并非所有的压力机均配有气垫。在使用气垫时，模具设计均要受气垫顶杆位置的限制，模具安装调试也不方便。
为此，人们努力开发一种新型的弹性功能部件来替代常规的弹性元件，这种新型弹性元件具有更加完善的性能，能代替常规弹性元件，完成常规弹性元件难于完成的工作，具有常规弹性元件所不具备的性能，能代替常规弹性元件，完成常规弹性元件难于完成的工作，具有常规弹性元件所不具备的性能，氮气弹簧做为新型弹性功能部件也应运而生。它能够补上述不足，简化模具设计、制造，方便模具调整；它可以作为独立部件，安装在模具中使用，也可以设计成一种氮气弹簧系统，作为模具的一部分参加工作，可以在系统中很方便实现弹压力恒定和延时动作，是一种具有柔性能的弹性部件。氮气弹簧不仅可以在模具行业中广泛地应用，也可以应用到其他工业领域，如汽车、电子、仪表等行业。由此看来，氮气弹簧的用途相当广泛，它的出现迎合了时代的要求，满足了工业发展的需要，显然，这项技术的发展如今正是方兴未艾。

中译英：
Nitrogen gas spring is an elastic function component, it will determine the high-pressure nitrogen gas sealed in container, external force through a column rod nitrogen compressor, when the external force is removed, by high-pressure nitrogen expansion, to obtain a certain elastic pressure, this part is named as a nitrogen cylinder or a gas spring, or nitrogen cylinder press device, referred to as nitrogen spring. Current conventional elastic element is spring, rubber and air cushion, the elastic element in industrial fields, to solve a variety of elastic energy storage needs, playing its due role.
In die mold industry, has a large number of use of elastic element. These years, mold and die manufacturing technology level has been greatly improved and the development of industrial products, mold growing demand, mold towards precision, complex, high performance, long-life direction of rapid development, and the original conventional elastic elements exist certain shortcomings, can not meet the need of this kind of situation, not an ideal solution, stamping process requirements, often affecting the quality of stamping parts, the mold structural design becomes more complex, effect of mold in the press on replacement of the time; at the same time the conventional elastic element holds the mold space is too large, increasing the mold manufacturing cost. For example, there are needs of rubber spring preload, to reach the design demand of the spring pressure, and they play with stroke and pressure is increased remarkably increased, the elastic pressure constant performance, may lead to parts not forming in drawing, crimping is not ideal. For complex stamping parts, this contradiction is particularly prominent, sometimes had to use increases the process approach to solve this kind of problem. Another spring, rubber initial force is not large, for the requirements of initial force relatively large bending, flanging process, is not ideal. As a result, stamping parts quality is not stable, adjust the mold is time-consuming and laborious. For intensive punch blanking process, such as the use of a spring or rubber discharging, often encounter the mold unloading space not placing a spring or rubber, consequently need increases the mold space to solve this kind of problem. The current stamping design staff can only partially compensate for these deficiencies by air. But the use of air cushion of press, mold design, adjust, use is very convenient; because of pressure fluctuation and throttle loss, air provided by the strength is not very accurate; it occupies a larger space; need to be equipped with special air compression station, and not all presses are equipped with air cushion. In the use of air cushion, mold design are subject to the air-cushion eject-rod location restrictions, mold installation is inconvenient.
Therefore, people develop a new elastic functional components to replace conventional elastic element, the elastic element has a more perfect performance, can replace conventional elastic elements, complete conventional elastic elements to complete the work, with conventional elastic elements do not have the performance, can replace conventional elastic elements, to complete the conventional elastic element it is difficult to complete the work, with conventional elastic element does not possess properties, nitrogen spring as the elastic components also emerge as the times require. It can make up the shortage, simplifying the mold design, mold manufacturing, convenient adjustment; it can be used as an independent component, mounted on the die in use, can be designed into a nitrogen system, as a portion of the mold to participate in the work, the system can easily play the constant pressure and delay action, is one kind has flexible properties of elastic components. Nitrogen gas spring can not only in the mould industry is widely used, but also can be applied to other industries, such as automobile, electronics, instrumentation and other industries. In view of this, the nitrogen spring use is quite extensive, it caters to the requirement of the times, meet the need of industrial development, obviously, the development of this technology are now be just unfolding.
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